The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.